ssary choices and effort so the product or service provides the smoothest and most seamless experience for people. It’s about creating delightful ‘just in time’ experiences that anticipate what a customer might need before they even realise. It reduces cognitive load by eliminating excessive choices and tedious actions. It follows three key principles: flow over friction; convenience over choice; and curation over compilation. Anticipatory design uses a combination of context, data, and machine learning to adapt, generate, and refine an individual’s experience.  Opportunities for retailers – with a catch Online spending has soared globally throughout the pandemic, e-commerce now accounts for 16.3 per cent of retail spending in Australia, with potential for significant further growth. Quantium and ABS figures show that in 2020, Australians spent $50.5 billion online, up from $32.1 billion in 2019. As retailers emerge from a focus on surviving Covid-19 to find 4 in 5 Australian households making purchases online, an exciting opportunity to engage consumers presents itself, but there are some challenges to overcome. Anticipatory design can help. Challenge 1: rapidly evolving customer expectationsCustomer expectations get higher and higher as innovation and technology continue to accelerate and evolve at the rate of Moore’s law. Brands such as Amazon, The Iconic, and Uber Eats continue to raise an already high digital experience bar that traditional retailers must meet.Challenge 2: the paradox of choiceWith many options now available, a simple, eagerly awaited purchase can become a stressful moment, paralysing a customer into a non-decisive state. Similarly, the processes guiding a customer from decision to delivery can result in cognitive overload.Challenge 3: the brand promise vs service delivery gapThe pace of organisational change by bricks-and-mortar retailers undergoing digital transformation is slow and incremental, which leaves the customer expectation gap continually widening. A better way One of the early, somewhat clunky, but delightful examples of contextual anticipatory design in retail was Amazon’s Dash button, which launched in 2014. Customers could press a wifi-connected button in their laundry when detergent or paper towels ran out. A day later, a replenishment order of their favourite brand would turn up at their door. Whilst the experience wasn’t automated, the personalised, quick re-order process was offered when and where it was front of mind, reducing cognitive load and time to product.  Anticipatory experiences can still leverage context but now, powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, they can also anticipate what customers need before they know they need it, helping them achieve their goals through a streamlined, tailored, and automated experience.  Me&u provides an in-venue food-ordering service. Customers simply tap the QR code or NFC beacon and select their order. When a customer scans again later, the restaurant or café can make a smart assumption and offer the customer, perhaps, another round of drinks. AI enables the restaurant to do this based on knowing how other customers typically behave, what this customer has ordered, their current location, and the timing. This enables Me&u to pre-populate the order, removing the tedium of choice and speeding up the checkout process for the customer. It adds that sprinkle of delight that would come from an attentive human-to-human service interaction that produced the same outcome.  Sephora beauty similarly leverages AI and augmented reality to drive a personalised product selection experience that is more convenient than shopping in person. The Sephora mobile app uses the camera and computer vision AI to help customers match their skin tone to a foundation or recommended lipstick shades, and try them on virtually.  Following on from these examples, what are the key steps for physical retailers who want to harness the power of anticipatory design? Play to strengths Traditional retailers have a unique advantage in a post-pandemic world: their physical store assets are poised to play a larger role in the shopping experience. Once lockdowns end, we anticipate a shift towards in-person engagement with brands. Becoming truly omnichannel requires consideration of how to leverage emerging technologies to connect the digital and physical worlds fluidly and immersively. When a customer walks into your store, you can help them find the products they’re looking for, deepen the value of loyalty by presenting them with tailored member’s pricing, explore a product in more depth to speed up decision-making, or offer a hybrid shopping experience using their mobile phone, starting with guided navigation to a reserved parking spot closest to the store.  Less is more Reduce the paradox of choice by removing the onus on customers to make decisions. Focus on streamlining and eliminating steps in the experience where possible by recognising predictable patterns in customer behaviour and identifying interactions that can be personalised or collapsed. Leverage machine learning to minimise user fatigue by providing personalised marketing only if appropriate to that customer at that point in the funnel. Reduce the selection of products you cross- or upsell based on context. Personalised evolutionary interactions The post-purchase ownership or usage experience has become a rich opportunity to leverage data and AI to respond to what a customer will be thinking and feeling at a particular moment in time. Simplify an individual’s experience based on their behaviour, context, and engagement with various channels over time. Unify data to enable a 360-degree view of your customer and offer personalised 24/7 support for delivery queries. Launch adjacent digital services that will be available when and where a customer needs them; for example, guidance for product assembly or instructions for how to use a product. Identify must-win moments across the customer journey and use anticipatory design to take advantage of the peak-end rule, which the Nielsen Norman Group defines as “a cognitive bias that impacts how people remember past events. Intense positive or negative moments (the ‘peaks’) and the final moments of an experience (the ‘end’)” are more prominent in our memories. This means it is important to take control of the way a customer experience ends; for example, by facilitating effortless returns. Anticipatory design is ultimately about benefiting both customer and retailer, to relieve stress and reduce effort for both. As Barry Schwartz writes in The Paradox of Choice, “Learning to choose is hard. Learning to choose well is harder. And learning to choose well in a world of unlimited possibilities is harder still, perhaps too hard.” Physical retailers already know their customers and have deep expertise in understanding and serving their needs. They are well placed to leverage AI to automate and scale, taking memorable experiences that create loyalty to the next level.